Custom content insertion

ABSTRACT

Provided are methods and systems for inserting custom content. An example method can comprise receiving, at a first computing device, an insertion instruction over a first non-packet-switching protocol information stream. The method can also comprise querying, by the first computing device, a second computing device in response to receiving the insertion instruction. The method can further comprise receiving, at the first computing device, content over a packet-switching protocol information stream in response to querying the second computing device. The content can be customized for an end-user associated with the first computing device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/884,232, filed on Aug. 9, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 17/534,174, filed on Nov. 23, 2021, andissued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,463,495 on Oct. 4, 2022, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/035,097, filed onSep. 28, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 16/230,641, filed on Dec. 21, 2018, and issued as U.S. Pat. No.10,841,354 on Nov. 17, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/661,828, filed on Jul. 27, 2017, and issued asU.S. Pat. No. 10,205,764 on Feb. 12, 2019, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/968,119, filed on Dec. 14, 2015, andissued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,756,103 on Sep. 5, 2017, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/765,303, filed onFeb. 12, 2013, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,246,963 on Jan. 26, 2016,each of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein.

BACKGROUND

Televisions and other display devices provide end-users an opportunityto view content delivered to their home through distribution networks.Content delivery can be organized into channels. On many channels,end-users are often provided advertisements that interrupt the regularcontent of interest to the end-user. In some cases, the same channel isdistributed to different geographic regions to end-users who havedifferent interests in addition to living in different locations. Such adistribution scheme may limit a content provider's ability to customizecontent to the end-user.

SUMMARY

It is to be understood that both the following general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory onlyand are not restrictive, as claimed.

Provided are methods and systems for inserting custom content. Themethod can comprise receiving, at a first computing device, an insertioninstruction over a first non-packet-switching protocol informationstream. The method can also comprise querying, by the first computingdevice, a second computing device in response to receiving the insertioninstruction. The method can further comprise receiving, at the firstcomputing device, content over a packet-switching protocol informationstream in response to querying the second computing device. The contentcan be customized for an end-user associated with the first computingdevice.

In another aspect, the system can comprise a memory having encodedthereon computer-executable instructions and data. The system can alsocomprise a processor functionally coupled to the memory and configured,by the computer-executable instructions, to perform at least thefollowing actions: receiving, at a first computing device, an insertioninstruction over a first non-packet-switching protocol informationstream; querying, by the first computing device, a second computingdevice in response to receiving the insertion instruction; andreceiving, at the first computing device, content over apacket-switching protocol information stream in response to querying thesecond computing device. The content can be customized for an end-userassociated with the first computing device.

Additional advantages will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows or may be learned by practice. The advantages will be realizedand attained by means of the elements and combinations particularlypointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with thedescription, serve to explain the principles of the methods and systems:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating various aspects of an exemplarysystem in which the present methods and systems can operate;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary computing device inwhich the methods and systems can be implemented;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system for insertingcustom content;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating another exemplary system forinserting custom content;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart diagram illustrating an exemplary method forinserting custom content; and

FIG. 6 is a flow chart diagram illustrating another exemplary method forinserting custom content.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the present methods and systems are disclosed and described, itis to be understood that the methods and systems are not limited tospecific methods, specific components, or to particular implementations.It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for thepurpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended tobe limiting.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” oneparticular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When sucha range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the oneparticular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, whenvalues are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent“about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms anotherembodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each ofthe ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, andindependently of the other endpoint.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described eventor circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includesinstances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where itdoes not.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word“comprise” and variations of the word, such as “comprising” and“comprises,” means “including but not limited to,” and is not intendedto exclude, for example, other components, integers or steps.“Exemplary” means “an example of” and is not intended to convey anindication of a preferred or ideal embodiment. “Such as” is not used ina restrictive sense, but for explanatory purposes.

Disclosed are components that can be used to perform the disclosedmethods and systems. These and other components are disclosed herein,and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions,groups, etc. of these components are disclosed that while specificreference of each various individual and collective combinations andpermutation of these may not be explicitly disclosed, each isspecifically contemplated and described herein, for all methods andsystems. This applies to all aspects of this application including, butnot limited to, steps in disclosed methods. Thus, if there are a varietyof additional steps that can be performed it is understood that each ofthese additional steps can be performed with any specific embodiment orcombination of embodiments of the disclosed methods.

The present methods and systems may be understood more readily byreference to the following detailed description of preferred embodimentsand the examples included therein and to the Figures and their previousand following description.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the methods andsystems may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, anentirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software andhardware aspects. Furthermore, the methods and systems may take the formof a computer program product on a computer-readable storage mediumhaving computer-readable program instructions (e.g., computer software)embodied in the storage medium. More particularly, the present methodsand systems may take the form of web-implemented computer software. Anysuitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized including harddisks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

Embodiments of the methods and systems are described below withreference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods,systems, apparatuses and computer program products. It will beunderstood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchartillustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams andflowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by computerprogram instructions. These computer program instructions may be loadedonto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions which execute on the computer or other programmabledata processing apparatus create a means for implementing the functionsspecified in the flowchart block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablememory produce an article of manufacture including computer-readableinstructions for implementing the function specified in the flowchartblock or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loadedonto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or otherprogrammable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process suchthat the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in theflowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrationssupport combinations of means for performing the specified functions,combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and programinstruction means for performing the specified functions. It will alsobe understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchartillustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams andflowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purposehardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions orsteps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computerinstructions.

FIG. 1 illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system in which thepresent methods and systems can operate. The present disclosurerecognizes and addresses, in one aspect, the issue of custom contentinsertion. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to methods andsystems for inserting custom content.

Provided are systems and methods for inserting custom content. Thesystems and methods can provide content distributors the ability toprovide advertising content customized for each computing device used byan end-user. For example, an end-user can have multiple computingdevices, each coupled to a different display, such as a television. Oneof the end-user's computing devices can be used primarily for viewingone type of content, such as content for children, and the otherend-user's computer device can be used for viewing another type ofcontent, such as general content. According to the end-user'spreferences, national content, such as advertising, can be replaced bycustom content relevant to the end-user. For example, a computing deviceconfigured for viewing content for children can receive advertisingappropriate for children. More generally, end-users with differentinterests and/or from different geographic areas can receive content,such as advertising, customized for the particular end-user's interestsor geographic area.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that present methods may beused in systems that employ both digital and analog equipment. Oneskilled in the art will appreciate that provided herein is a functionaldescription and that the respective functions can be performed bysoftware, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

The system 100 can comprise a central location 101 (e.g., a headend),which can receive content (e.g., data, input programming, and the like)from multiple sources. The central location 101 can combine the contentfrom the various sources and can distribute the content to user (e.g.,subscriber) locations (e.g., location 119) via distribution system 116.In one aspect, the system 100 can be implemented in the network hub 309shown in FIG. 3 .

In an aspect, the central location 101 can receive content from avariety of sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c. The content can be transmittedfrom the source to the central location 101 via a variety oftransmission paths, including wireless (e.g. satellite paths 103 a, 103b) and terrestrial path 104. The central location 101 can also receivecontent from a direct feed source 106 via a direct line 105. Other inputsources can comprise capture devices such as a video camera 109 or aserver 110. The signals provided by the content sources can include asingle content item or a multiplex that includes several content items.

The central location 101 can comprise one or a plurality of receivers111 a, 111 b, 111 c, 111 d that are each associated with an inputsource. For example, MPEG encoders such as encoder 112, are included forencoding local content or a video camera 109 feed. A switch 113 canprovide access to server 110, which can be a Pay-Per-View server, a dataserver, an internet router, a network system, a phone system, and thelike. Some signals may require additional processing, such as signalmultiplexing, prior to being modulated. Such multiplexing can beperformed by multiplexer (mux) 114.

The central location 101 can comprise one or a plurality of modulators,115 a and 115 b for interfacing to the distribution system 116. Themodulators can convert the received content into a modulated outputsignal suitable for transmission over the distribution system 116. Theoutput signals from the modulators can be combined, using equipment suchas a combiner 117, for input into the distribution system 116.

A control system 118 can permit a system operator to control and monitorthe functions and performance of system 100. The control system 118 caninterface, monitor, and/or control a variety of functions, including,but not limited to, the channel lineup for the television system,billing for each user, conditional access for content distributed tousers, and the like. Control system 118 can provide input to themodulators for setting operating parameters, such as system specificMPEG table packet organization or conditional access information. Thecontrol system 118 can be located at central location 101 or at a remotelocation.

The distribution system 116 can distribute signals from the centrallocation 101 to user locations, such as user location 119. Thedistribution system 116 can be an optical fiber network, a coaxial cablenetwork, a hybrid fiber-coaxial network, a wireless network, a satellitesystem, a direct broadcast system, or any combination thereof. There canbe a multitude of user locations connected to distribution system 116.At user location 119, a decoder 120, such as a gateway or homecommunications terminal (HCT) can decode, if needed, and display orpresent the signals for display on a display device, such as on atelevision set (TV) 121 or a computer monitor. Those skilled in the artwill appreciate that the signal can be decoded in a variety ofequipment, including an HCT, a computer, a TV, a monitor, or satellitedish. In an exemplary aspect, the methods and systems disclosed can belocated within, or performed on, one or more HCT's 120, TV's 121,central locations 101, DVR's, home theater PC's, and the like.

In an aspect, user location 119 is not fixed. By way of example, a usercan receive content from the distribution system 116 on a mobile devicesuch as a laptop computer, PDA, smartphone, GPS, vehicle entertainmentsystem, portable media player, and the like.

In an exemplary embodiment, the methods and systems disclosed can belocated within one or more devices at user location 119 such as one ormore HCT's 120, TV's 121, DVR's, home theater PC's, and the like.Methods and systems can also be located within one or more servers 110.In an aspect, the one or more servers 110 can communicate directly withthe one or more devices at user location 119 through a network describedbelow.

In an aspect, the methods and systems can utilize digital audio/videocompression such as MPEG, or any other type of compression. The MovingPictures Experts Group (MPEG) was established by the InternationalStandards Organization (ISO) for the purpose of creating standards fordigital audio/video compression. The MPEG experts created the MPEG-1 andMPEG-2 standards, with the MPEG-1 standard being a subset of the MPEG-2standard. The combined MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 standards arehereinafter referred to as MPEG. In an MPEG encoded transmission,content and other data are transmitted in packets, which collectivelymake up a transport stream. Additional information regarding transportstream packets, the composition of the transport stream, types of MPEGtables, and other aspects of the MPEG standards are described below. Inan exemplary embodiment, the present methods and systems can employtransmission of MPEG packets. However, the present methods and systemsare not so limited, and can be implemented using other types oftransmission and data.

The output of a single MPEG audio and/or video coder is called atransport stream comprised of one or more elementary streams. Anelementary stream is an endless near real-time signal. For convenience,the elementary stream may be broken into data blocks of manageable size,forming a packetized elementary stream (PES). These data blocks needheader information to identify the start of the packets and must includetime stamps because packetizing disrupts the time axis. For transmissionand digital broadcasting, for example, several programs and theirassociated PESs can be multiplexed into a multi-program transportstream. A multi-program transport stream has a program clock reference(PCR) mechanism that allows transmission of multiple clocks, one ofwhich is selected and regenerated at the decoder.

A multi-program transport stream is more than just a multiplex of audioand video PESs. In addition to the compressed audio, video and data, atransport stream includes metadata describing the bit stream. Thisincludes the program association table (PAT) that lists every program inthe multi-program transport stream. Each entry in the PAT points to aprogram map table (PMT) that lists the elementary streams making up eachprogram. Some programs will be unencrypted, but some programs may besubject to conditional access (encryption) and this information is alsocarried in the metadata. The transport stream can be comprised offixed-size data packets, for example, each containing 188 bytes. Eachpacket can carry a program identifier code (PID). Packets in the sameelementary stream can all have the same PID, so that the decoder (or ademultiplexer) can select the elementary stream(s) it wants and rejectthe remainder. Packet continuity counts ensure that every packet that isneeded to decode a stream is received. A synchronization system can beused so that decoders can correctly identify the beginning of eachpacket and deserialize the bit stream into words.

A content item, such as a program, can be a group of one or more PIDsthat are related to each other. For instance, a multi-program transportstream used in digital television might contain three programs, torepresent three television channels. Suppose each channel consists ofone video stream, one or two audio streams, and any necessary metadata.A receiver wishing to tune to a particular “channel” merely has todecode the payload of the PIDs associated with its program. It candiscard the contents of all other PIDs.

The multi-program transport stream carries many different programs andeach may use a different compression factor and a bit rate that canchange dynamically even though the overall bit rate stays constant. Thisbehavior is called statistical multiplexing and it allows a program thatis handling difficult material to borrow bandwidth from a programhandling easy material. Each video PES can have a different number ofaudio and data PESs associated with it. Despite this flexibility, adecoder must be able to change from one program to the next andcorrectly select the appropriate audio and data channels. Some of theprograms can be protected so that they can only be viewed by those whohave paid a subscription or fee. The transport stream can compriseConditional Access (CA) information to administer this protection. Thetransport stream can comprise Program Specific Information (PSI) tohandle these tasks.

In an exemplary aspect, the methods and systems can be implemented on acomputer 201 as illustrated in FIG. 2 and described below. By way ofexample, server 110 of FIG. 1 can be a computer as illustrated in FIG. 2. Similarly, the methods and systems disclosed can utilize one or morecomputers to perform one or more functions in one or more locations.FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary operatingenvironment for performing the disclosed methods. This exemplaryoperating environment is only an example of an operating environment andis not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use orfunctionality of operating environment architecture. Neither should theoperating environment be interpreted as having any dependency orrequirement relating to any one or combination of components illustratedin the exemplary operating environment.

The present methods and systems can be operational with numerous othergeneral purpose or special purpose computing system environments orconfigurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments,and/or configurations that can be suitable for use with the systems andmethods comprise, but are not limited to, personal computers, servercomputers, laptop devices, and multiprocessor systems. Additionalexamples comprise set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics,network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computingenvironments that comprise any of the above systems or devices, and thelike.

The processing of the disclosed methods and systems can be performed bysoftware components. The disclosed systems and methods can be describedin the general context of computer-executable instructions, such asprogram modules, being executed by one or more computers or otherdevices. Generally, program modules comprise computer code, routines,programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that performparticular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Thedisclosed methods can also be practiced in grid-based and distributedcomputing environments where tasks are performed by remote processingdevices that are linked through a communications network. In adistributed computing environment, program modules can be located inboth local and remote computer storage media including memory storagedevices.

Further, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems andmethods disclosed herein can be implemented via a general-purposecomputing device in the form of a computer 201. The components of thecomputer 201 can comprise, but are not limited to, one or moreprocessors or processing units 203, a system memory 212, and a systembus 213 that couples various system components including the processor203 to the system memory 212. In the case of multiple processing units203, the system can utilize parallel computing.

The system bus 213 represents one or more of several possible types ofbus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, aperipheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or localbus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, sucharchitectures can comprise an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus,a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, aVideo Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, an AcceleratedGraphics Port (AGP) bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI),a PCI-Express bus, a Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association(PCMCIA), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and the like. The bus 213, and allbuses specified in this description can also be implemented over a wiredor wireless network connection and each of the subsystems, including theprocessor 203, a mass storage device 204, an operating system 205,content replacement software 206, content replacement data 207, anetwork adapter 208, system memory 212, an Input/Output Interface 210, adisplay adapter 209, a display device 211, and a human machine interface202, can be contained within one or more remote computing devices 214a,b,c at physically separate locations, connected through buses of thisform, in effect implementing a fully distributed system.

The computer 201 typically comprises a variety of computer readablemedia. Exemplary readable media can be any available media that isaccessible by the computer 201 and comprises, for example and not meantto be limiting, both volatile and non-volatile media, removable andnon-removable media. The system memory 212 comprises computer readablemedia in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory(RAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM). Thesystem memory 212 typically contains data such as content replacementdata 207 and/or program modules such as operating system 205 and contentreplacement software 206 that are immediately accessible to and/or arepresently operated on by the processing unit 203.

In another aspect, the computer 201 can also comprise otherremovable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.By way of example, FIG. 2 illustrates a mass storage device 204 whichcan provide non-volatile storage of computer code, computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for thecomputer 201. For example and not meant to be limiting, a mass storagedevice 204 can be a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a removableoptical disk, magnetic cassettes or other magnetic storage devices,flash memory cards, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or otheroptical storage, random access memories (RAM), read only memories (ROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and thelike.

Optionally, any number of program modules can be stored on the massstorage device 204, including by way of example, an operating system 205and content replacement software 206. Each of the operating system 205and content replacement software 206 (or some combination thereof) cancomprise elements of the programming and the content replacementsoftware 206. Content replacement data 207 can also be stored on themass storage device 204. Content replacement data 207 can be stored inany of one or more databases known in the art. Examples of suchdatabases comprise, DB2®, Microsoft® Access, Microsoft® SQL Server,Oracle®, mySQL, PostgreSQL, and the like. The databases can becentralized or distributed across multiple systems.

In another aspect, the user can enter commands and information into thecomputer 201 via an input device (not shown). Examples of such inputdevices comprise, but are not limited to, a keyboard, pointing device(e.g., a “mouse”), a microphone, a joystick, a scanner, tactile inputdevices such as gloves, and other body coverings, and the like These andother input devices can be connected to the processing unit 203 via ahuman machine interface 202 that is coupled to the system bus 213, butcan be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as aparallel port, game port, an IEEE 1394 Port (also known as a Firewireport), a serial port, or a universal serial bus (USB).

In yet another aspect, a display device 211 can also be connected to thesystem bus 213 via an interface, such as a display adapter 209. It iscontemplated that the computer 201 can have more than one displayadapter 209 and the computer 201 can have more than one display device211. For example, a display device can be a monitor, an LCD (LiquidCrystal Display), or a projector. In addition to the display device 211,other output peripheral devices can comprise components such as speakers(not shown) and a printer (not shown) which can be connected to thecomputer 201 via Input/Output Interface 210. Any step and/or result ofthe methods can be output in any form to an output device. Such outputcan be any form of visual representation, including, but not limited to,textual, graphical, animation, audio, tactile, and the like. The display211 and computer 201 can be part of one device, or separate devices.

The computer 201 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections to one or more remote computing devices 214 a,b,c. By way ofexample, a remote computing device can be a personal computer, portablecomputer, smartphone, a server, a router, a network computer, a peerdevice or other common network node, and so on. Logical connectionsbetween the computer 201 and a remote computing device 214 a,b,c can bemade via a network 215, such as a local area network (LAN) and/or ageneral wide area network (WAN). Such network connections can be througha network adapter 208. A network adapter 208 can be implemented in bothwired and wireless environments. Such networking environments areconventional and commonplace in dwellings, offices, enterprise-widecomputer networks, intranets, and the Internet.

For purposes of illustration, application programs and other executableprogram components such as the operating system 205 are illustratedherein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programsand components reside at various times in different storage componentsof the computing device 201, and are executed by the data processor(s)of the computer. An implementation of content replacement software 206can be stored on or transmitted across some form of computer readablemedia. Any of the disclosed methods can be performed by computerreadable instructions embodied on computer readable media. Computerreadable media can be any available media that can be accessed by acomputer. By way of example and not meant to be limiting, computerreadable media can comprise “computer storage media” and “communicationsmedia.” “Computer storage media” comprise volatile and non-volatile,removable and non-removable media implemented in any methods ortechnology for storage of information such as computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Exemplarycomputer storage media comprises, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM,EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digitalversatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,or any other medium which can be used to store the desired informationand which can be accessed by a computer.

The methods and systems can employ artificial intelligence (AI)techniques such as machine learning and iterative learning. Examples ofsuch techniques include, but are not limited to, expert systems, casebased reasoning, Bayesian networks, behavior based AI, neural networks,fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation (e.g. genetic algorithms), swarmintelligence (e.g. ant algorithms), and hybrid intelligent systems (e.g.expert inference rules generated through a neural network or productionrules from statistical learning).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system 300 forinserting custom content. The system 300 can comprise a network node302. In an aspect, the network node 302 can deliver or function as a hopin the delivery process of content 304 over a first non-packet-switchingprotocol information stream 306. For example, the firstnon-packet-switching protocol information stream 306 can comprise aquadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transport stream (TS).Additionally, the QAM transport stream can be one of a realtime contentTS or a time-shifted content TS.

In an aspect, the network node 302 can deliver content 304 to one ormore user devices 308. The network node 302 can be configured to delivercontent 304 to a region, such as one or more neighborhoods. In anotheraspect, the network node 302 can be configured to deliver content 304 toone or more residences or business locations. For example, the networknode 302 can be configured to deliver content 304 to a large buildinghaving one or more residences or business.

In an aspect, the network node 302 can receive content 304 from anetwork hub 309. For example, the network hub 309 can comprise all orportions of system 100 at central location 101 described in FIG. 1 . Inone aspect, the network hub 309 can communicate with the user devices308 through the first non-packet-switching protocol information stream306, however, the network hub 309 can communicate to a variety ofdevices through a variety of information streams. For example, thenetwork hub 309 can communicate to one or more of the user devices 308through a first packet-switching protocol information stream 311, suchas an internet protocol based information stream. The network node 302can deliver the content 304 to the one or more user devices 308. In anaspect, the content 304 can comprise video, audio and/or other data. Forexample, the content 304 can be delivered as one or more televisionchannels. The television channels can comprise television programs,advertisements, applications, supplemental content, and/or other data.

In another aspect, the user device 308 can comprise a computing deviceof an end-user. The user device 308 can be configured to receive content304 from the network node 302. The end-user, for example, can be acustomer of a content or service provider. The user device 308 can beconfigured to receive the content 304 delivered from the distributionsystem 116 of FIG. 1 . For example, a user device 308 can be a gateway,a set top box, or a computing device configured to receive content froma first non-packet-switching protocol information stream 306 and asecond packet-switching protocol information stream 310. In one aspect,the content 304 from the network node 302 can be received through thefirst non-packet-switching protocol information stream 306. The content304 can be received by the user device 308 in an encoded format. Theuser device 308 can be configured to decode the content 304 receivedfrom the network node 302.

In an aspect, the user device 308 can also be configured to receive aninsertion instruction 312 over the first non-packet-switching protocolinformation stream 306. In one aspect, the insertion instruction 312 canbe embedded or otherwise included in the first non-packet-switchingprotocol information stream 306. For example, the insertion instruction312 can be embedded in a QAM transport stream. In one aspect, theinsertion instruction 312 can comprise an instruction to insert anadvertisement into the content. For example, the insertion instruction312 can communicate to the user device 308 a time length of content toreplace, a start time of the content to replace, an end time of thecontent to replace, and the like. In an aspect, the insertioninstruction 312 can be an SCTE-35 signal.

In an aspect, the user device 308 can be configured to transmit a query314 to a computing device 316 (such as a server) in response toreceiving the insertion instruction 312. The user device 308 cancomprise a query engine 317 configured to formulate a query andcommunicate the query to the computing device 316. The query 314 cancommunicate to the computing device 316 information about the userdevice 308 and/or end-user to promote customization of content deliveredto the end-user. For example, the query 314 can comprise user data 318related to the end-user. The user data 318 can comprise demographicinformation such as age, gender, race, language, and geographiclocation. The user data 318 can also comprise user preferences. Userpreferences can include preferences for particular subject matter. Forexample, one end-user might prefer to view subject matter only relatedto one subject, such as automobiles, but another end-user might preferto view content related to another subject, such as local restaurantsand consumer electronic devices. User preferences can comprisepreferences for a particular type of advertisement, such as humorousadvertisements. Additionally, the query 314 can communicate otherinformation collected from the device, such as a history of contentviewed.

In one aspect, the computing device 316 can be configured to receive oneor more queries 314 from the user device 308 requesting the computingdevice 316 to identify content 320. The user-device 308 can transmit thequeries 314 to the computing device 316 through the secondpacket-switching protocol information stream 310. For example, thecomputing device 316 can be part of a content provider's network or athird party network. In an aspect, the computing device 316 can transmitidentified content 320 to the user device 308 based on the query 314received from the user device 308. In response to the one or morequeries 314, the computing device 316 can transmit to the user device308 content 320 identified by the computing device 316 that iscustomized for the end-user associated with the user device 308. Forexample, if a query 314 indicates a particular geographic region, thecomputing device 316 can select and transmit content 320 identified bythe computing device 316 associated with the particular geographicregion to the user device. Content 320 associated with a particulargeographic region can be content related to a business in the geographicregion or related to a business targeting the geographic region. If thequery 314 indicates a particular subject matter, the computing device316 can select and transmit content 320 identified by the computingdevice 316 associated with the particular subject matter or similarsubject matter to the user device 308.

In one aspect, the content 320 identified by the computing device 316can be transmitted through the second packet-switching protocolinformation stream 310. For example, the content 320 identified by thecomputing device 316 can be transmitted over an internet protocol (TP)information stream. The user device 308 can be configured to decode atleast a portion of the second packet-switching protocol informationstream 310. Once the content 320 is received from the computing device316, the user device 308 can insert the content 320 into the content 304received from the network node 302. The user device 308 can comprise aninsertion engine 321 configured to insert the content 320 identified bythe computing device 316 into the content 304 received from the networknode. The insertion engine 321 can also be disposed elsewhere in thenetwork. In one aspect, a portion of the content 304 from the networknode 302 can be replaced by the content 320 identified by the computingdevice 316. For example, if the content 304 is an advertisement, anadvertisement from the network node 302 can be replaced with anadvertisement received from the computing device 316. The content fromthe network node 302 can be, for example, a national advertisement,while the content from the computing device 316 can be a localadvertisement.

In another aspect, the user device 308 can be configured to transmitcontent to a display device 322. The user device 308 can reproduce thecontent over a second non-packet-switching protocol information stream324. For example, the second non-packet-switching protocol informationstream 324 can comprise a quadrature amplitude modulation transportstream. The display device 322 can comprise a television, a computerdisplay, and/or other device capable of displaying the content to theend-user.

In one aspect, the user device 308 can be a device at user location 119of FIG. 1 . For example, the user device 308 can be an HCT 120 and thedisplay device 322 can be a TV 121. Additionally, the user device 308can be the computer 201 of FIG. 2 . The content replacement software 206can comprise the query engine 317. The content replacement software 206can also comprise the insertion engine 321. The content replacementsoftware 206 can also comprise other software useful in replacing,inserting, encoding, decoding, receiving, transmitting and/or displayingcontent 320 identified by the computing device 316 and content 304received from the network node 302. The content replacement data 207 cancomprise one or more queries 314. The content replacement data 207 cancomprise user data 318. Additionally, the content replacement data 207can comprise other data useful in replacing, inserting, encoding,decoding, receiving, transmitting and/or displaying content 320identified by the computing device 316 and content 304 received from thenetwork node 302.

It should be noted that in some implementations, the user device 308 canreceive the content 320 from the computing device 316. For example, theinsertion instruction 312 can be located at and provided from thecomputing device 316. Then, the query engine 317 can query the networkhub 309 through the first packet-switching protocol information stream311. In response, the network hub 309 can provide content 304 to theuser device 308 through the first packet-switching protocol informationstream 311 and/or the first non-packet-switching protocol informationstream 306. The content 304 can be customized for the user at the userdevice 308. Accordingly, the insertion engine 321 can insert into thecontent 320 received from the computing device 316 the content 304received from the network hub 309. Additionally, the insertion engine321 can replace the content 320 received from the computing device 316with the content 304 received from the network hub 309.

In another aspect, the insertion engine 321 can replace (or, forexample, insert) content received from the network hub 309 through thefirst non-packet switching protocol information stream 306 with contentreceived from the network hub 309 through the first packet-switchingprotocol information stream 311.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating another exemplary system 400 forinserting custom content. In the system 400, the user device 308 cancommunicate a query to the computing device 402. In response, thecomputing device 402 can transmit to the user device 308 a logicaladdress indicative of a source of the content 320 identified by thecomputing device 402. In an aspect, the logical address of the source ofthe content can comprise a universal resource locator (URL) indicativeof the source of the content. For example, the source of the content canbe located on a storage device 404, and the URL can comprise an IPaddress of the storage device 404 having the content. The URL can alsocomprise additional characters indicating the location of the content onthe storage device 404. The user device 308 can retrieve at least aportion of content 320 from the source of the content on the storagedevice 404. After retrieving the content 320 from the storage device404, the user device 308 can insert the content 320 into content 304received from the network node 302.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart diagram illustrating an exemplary method 500 forinserting custom content. In step 502, an insertion instruction can bereceived, at a first computing device, over a first non-packet-switchingprotocol information stream. In an aspect, receiving the insertioninstruction can comprise receiving a quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) transport stream (TS) having the insertion instruction embeddedtherein. Additionally, the QAM transport stream can be one of a realtimecontent TS or a time-shifted content TS. In step 504, a second computingdevice can be queried, by the first computing device, in response toreceiving the insertion instruction, which may be an advertisementinsertion signal. In step 506, content can be received, at the firstcomputing device, over a packet-switching protocol information stream inresponse to querying the second computing device. In an aspect, thecontent can be customized for an end-user associated with the firstcomputing device. In another aspect, content can be received over aninternet protocol (IP) information stream. In step 508, the content canbe made part of (e.g., embedded), or reproduced, over a secondnon-packet-switching protocol information stream. In an aspect, thecontent can comprise one of local advertisement content or nationwideadvertisement content. The reproducing action of step 508 can comprisereproducing the content over a quadrature amplitude modulation transportstream.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart diagram illustrating an exemplary method 600 forinserting custom content. In one aspect, the method 600 can implement atleast a part of step 506 of method 500. In step 602, a logical addressindicative of a source of the content can be received or otherwisedetermined. In one aspect, receiving the logical address of the sourceof the content can comprise receiving a universal resource locator (URL)indicative of the source of the content. In step 604, at least a portionof the content can be retrieved from the source of the content. Forexample, the content can be retrieved over a packet-switching protocolinformation stream. The content can be customized for an end-userassociated with the first computing device. In step 606, at least aportion of the packet-switching protocol information stream can bedecoded.

While the methods and systems have been described in connection withpreferred embodiments and specific examples, it is not intended that thescope be limited to the particular embodiments set forth, as theembodiments herein are intended in all respects to be illustrativerather than restrictive.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that anymethod set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps beperformed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim doesnot actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is nototherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that thesteps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intendedthat an order be inferred, in any respect. This holds for any possiblenon-express basis for interpretation, including: matters of logic withrespect to arrangement of steps or operational flow; plain meaningderived from grammatical organization or punctuation; the number or typeof embodiments described in the specification.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made without departing from thescope or spirit. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice disclosedherein. It is intended that the specification and examples be consideredas exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by thefollowing claims.

1. A method comprising: receiving, by a first computing device, userdata associated with a second computing device, wherein the secondcomputing device sends the user data based on an instruction receivedvia a non-packet-switching protocol; determining, based on the userdata, custom content; and sending, via a packet-switching protocol, thecustom content to the second computing device.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein at least one of: the non-packet-switching protocol comprisesreal-time content or time-shifted content, or the packet-switchingprotocol comprises internet protocol (IP).
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the custom content comprises an advertisement.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein sending the custom content to the second computingdevice comprises causing content comprising an advertisement to be sentto the second computing device.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein theuser data comprises at least one user preference associated with atleast one user of the second computing device.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the user data comprises a viewing history associated with thesecond computing device.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstcomputing device comprises a content server, and wherein the secondcomputing device comprises a user device.
 8. A method comprising:receiving, by a first computing device, demographic data associated withat least one of: a second computing device or at least one user of thesecond computing device, wherein the second computing device sends thedemographic data based on an instruction received via anon-packet-switching protocol; determining, based on the demographicdata, custom content; and sending, via a packet-switching protocol, thecustom content to the second computing device.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein at least one of: the non-packet-switching protocol comprisesreal-time content or time-shifted content, or the packet-switchingprotocol comprises internet protocol (IP).
 10. The method of claim 8,wherein the demographic data is indicative of at least one of: ageographic region, a geographic location, an age, a gender, anethnicity, a language, or a subject matter.
 11. The method of claim 10,wherein the custom content is associated with at least one of: thegeographic region, the geographic location, the age, the gender, theethnicity, the language, or the subject matter.
 12. The method of claim8, wherein the custom content comprises an advertisement.
 13. The methodof claim 8, wherein sending the custom content to the second computingdevice comprises causing content comprising an advertisement to be sentto the second computing device.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein thefirst computing device comprises a content server, and wherein thesecond computing device comprises a user device.
 15. An apparatuscomprising: one or more processors; and memory storingprocessor-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, cause the apparatus to: receive user data associated with acomputing device, wherein the computing device sends the user data basedon an instruction received via a non-packet-switching protocol;determine, based on the user data, custom content; and send, via apacket-switching protocol, the custom content to the computing device.16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein at least one of: thenon-packet-switching protocol comprises real-time content ortime-shifted content, or the packet-switching protocol comprisesinternet protocol (IP).
 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein thecustom content comprises an advertisement.
 18. The apparatus of claim15, wherein the processor-executable instructions that cause theapparatus to send the custom content to the computing device furthercause the apparatus to cause content comprising an advertisement to besent to the computing device.
 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein theuser data comprises at least one of: a user preference associated withat least one user of the computing device, or a viewing historyassociated with the computing device.
 20. The apparatus of claim 15,wherein the computing device comprises a user device.